![]() ![]() ![]() Additionally, because many proactive policing strategies by design increase the volume of interactions between police and the public, such strategies may increase the overall opportunity for problematic interactions that have disparate impacts.Ĭoncerns about the interaction between race and policing are not new. Because these kinds of police contact are associated with at least some forms of what is known as proactive policing, recognition of this reality is an important starting point for this chapter. ![]() The high rates at which non-Whites are stopped, questioned, cited, arrested, or injured by the police present some of the most salient criminal justice policy phenomena in the United States ( Kochel, Wilson, and Mastrofski, 2011 Lytle, 2014). Racial Bias and Disparities in Proactive Policing ![]()
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